The Hogging effect is most common during ballast passage or partial loading, where the ship will deform as a beam supported at mid length and loaded at the ends. Download Code Sagging Bending Moment and Hogging Bending So, I labeled these values as design still water bending moment and submitted the midship drawing again. Answer (1 of 2): Sagging is the deformation which is vertically downward and hogging is vertically upward. Details Language English Duration 5 Mins Format .MP4 Size 47 Mb . I assume you know the longitudinal bending moments due to hogging and sagging of the vessel. Depending upon the direction in which the bending moment acts the ship will Hog or Sag. 2 Fig. In any analysis, you must decide if the moment is sagging or hogging. Ships Hogging is the stress a ship's hull or keel experiences that causes the center or the keel to bend upward. At the design stage, the software considers this difference to calculate the beam displacements, but using the bending moments obtained from the previous simplified frame analysis. 2) concrete quantity calculation for staircase and its formula. Save Save Hogging & Sagging,Fatigue Formula For Later. Default value calculates elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of resistance of beam at its ends. The ship is assumed to be supported at both extreme ends and the maximum allowable deflection at the midship is L/500, where L is taken as 172 metres.. The stresses are resisted by all continuous longitudinal material especially those parts further from the neutral axis. 5. hogging moment synonyms, hogging moment pronunciation, hogging moment translation, English dictionary definition of hogging moment. 4. The Hogging effect is most common during ballast passage or partial loading, where the ship will deform as a beam supported at mid length and loaded at the ends. This implies no support exist at either end of the member. From there you can derive the required section modulus for your midship section. Otherwise mistake in calculation of displacement can be very big. 15th December 2008, 22:11 #19. A procedure for calculation of the stress concentration factor (SCF) for local details is proposed which compares the ranges of the hot spot stress and the nominal stress. DeltaLoad is also capable to present integration interface to many different tank level measurement systems to get tank filling level information constantly online. In the meantime documents and information such as draft survey report, loading report, hogging/sagging calculations, loading/unloading optimization can be produced using the software. Hogging and sagging of ship hull. Sagging and Hogging are the terms used to define the sign of a bending moment. 1.0 = calculation of elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of resistance of beam to be ignored at both ends of beam. Ship sagging and hogging is derived from the allowable ship deflection assuming the wave peaks at the bow and stern end locations of the ship. Hogging and Sagging are "ship fabrication and design issues" as the entire ship's hull either bends up (supported in the middle by the wave with both ends drooping down) or is supported at both ends by a wave (with the middle of the long hull "sagging" down). 1.0 = calculation of elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of resistance of beam to be ignored at start node of beam. Theoretical and analytical calculation 4.1 CLT theory on case 1: Fig -7: Stacking sequence of graphite/epoxy laminate In case one glass/epoxy laminate with 3 layered unsymmetrical 0, 30,-45 degree lamina stacked on one other, staking sequence is shown in figure 7. Home / Uncategorized / hogging and sagging calculation. The bending moment which causes a beam to bend with the concave side upwards, is called a Sagging Bending Moment. Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the stress distributions for intact case under hogging and sagging conditions, respectively. I believe it is necessary to specify that these formulas are suitable only for small hog/sag. For example, the ship's officer wants to know the quantity of cargo onboard at any juncture during the loading or discharge. Consider the simply supported beam in figure 20. Also you should have calculated the required dimensions for the hull shell and any longitudinal and transverse members according to the design loads (static water pressure . This bounds the problem at the expense of some conservatism. Checking the results for both sagging and hogging cases, where it can be seen that the beam still has sufficient resistance and the reinforcement quantity has reduced to 30.9 tonnes. 40 kN/m 20 kN/m A B D 8 m 4 m 4 m sk 350 mm kt I 30 mm 20 mm 640 mm I 30 mm k 350 mm -THE END-. If I analyse one way a concrete slab; simply supported (pinned at 2 ends); distributed load - I get a Negative sagging moment. Mean of Means Corrected is the mean draft of the ship corrected for hogging or sagging. Hogging of Rails. The difference between sagging and hogging is shown in Fig. Sagging can be caused by the cargo loading pattern or when the ship is in a seaway and the bow and stern sections are supported on adjacent wave crests. If the buoyancy amidships exceed the weight due to loading or when the wave crest is amidships, the ship will Hog, as a beam supported at mid length and loaded at the end. To calculate the ultimate strength of the Ro-Ro ship under hogging and sagging conditions, Smith's method is used and applied to an in-house program. This is a far more efficient arrangement of reinforcement so we can begin to curtail the bars to optimise the required reinforcement still further. Download now. 100% (2) 100% found this document useful (2 votes) 3K views 12 pages. 2) Hogging. The Sagging is most common for loaded vessel and the hull will curved as a beam supported at the ends and loaded at mid length. [M.sup.-(uncr).sub.Ed.Rd]--the hogging moment obtained by a virtual elastic calculation . This kind of bending moment is treated as a positive bending moment. 2(b) the beam will hog between the points A and B. Sagging. I agree with you: It depends on the product. Whereas the bending which results in convexity upwards (like a hump); is known as hogging. Hogging and sagging are terms used in solid mechanics, structural engineering, and shipbuilding to describe the shape that a beam or similar long item will deform into when loaded. The bending moments are the sum of the hogging and sagging moments, the hogging moment represented by 60% of the total. This implies no support exist at either end of the member.-1.0 = calculation of elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of resistance of beam to be considered at both ends of beam. When transverse load is acting perpendicular to neutral axis of structural members is known as bending. sagging and hogging strengthening continuous reinforced concrete beams using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets The testing of 11 reinforced concrete 2-span beams strengthened in flexure with externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets is reported. 2(c). Double bottoms, i.e., centre girder, side girders, inner bottom and outer bottom longitudinals, keel and bottom shell . Hence, determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses at the cross sections of maximum moment (40 marks). When the rails bent vertically at the ends are known as hogged rails. The connection resistance for hogging bending moment is M j,Rd = 1 903.3 kNm and for sagging bending moment is M j,Rd = 1 903.3 kNm. The three-step process is below: Step 1 - Plot the weight distribution along the ship's length Step 2 - Plot the buoyancy distribution along the ship's length Step 3 - Find out the load distribution by subtracting the buoyancy from weight along the length of the ship Plotting the Weight Distribution SHIP SAGGING AND HOGGING. Just like axial force can be applied as compressive force or tensile force, there are two types of moment. But you may find the . Hogging & Sagging Calculations - posted in ChE Plus Forum: hii need to analyse some lines in caesar II, ver 5.0.My client asked me to consider the hogging & sagging values for inertial displacement as the plant is located in FPSO. This is the free version of our full SkyCiv Beam Software. Define hogging moment. As described in Chapter 1, the procedure of reliability calculation and analysis includes the following main steps: 1) Identify all possible and significant failure modes of the structure or operation under consideration. One is sagging moment and other is hogging moment. What is sagging and hogging bending moment, What is sagging and hogging, let us discuss about very important topic what is sagging and hogging bending moment in beam. Hogging and sagging calculation 2 1 2 - YouTube . #15. xJJx. Once the available under keel clearance has been calculated taking into account all the applicable factors, including those above, it can then be determined whether any speed reduction . KITSAP COUNTY | 206-842-6700. hogging and sagging calculation. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. A bending moment causing convexity upwards will be taken as 'negative' and called as hogging bending moment. Hogging and sagging describe the shape of a beam or similar long object when loading is applied. It causes damage to the running quality of the track. If the design ultimate load is 14 kN/m 2 over the whole slab area and the yield line pattern is as shown find the value of the moment parameter m. Reduced depths over pipelines and other obstructions. What is the sagging moment and hogging moment? Hogging and Sagging: On longships, such as very large tankers and bulk carriers, those responsible for loading the ship have to take care to avoid straining the ship's hull. Appropriate direct calculation methods include a combination of long-term ship motion analysis, non linear ship motion analysis and static . . Firstly, the static and fatigue tests on three inverted simply supported beams were conducted. Hogging If the bending moment of the left hand of the section XX is anti-clockwise then it is a positive bending moment. This can be accessed under any of our Paid Accounts, which also includes a full structural analysis software. And since the calculation excel we are using does not include sagging hogging calculation, we have to guess based on experience. Or, do it in two models: sagging stiffness in one; and hogging in the other. . Bending stress is covered in tutorial 1. In this study, the extreme response caused by hogging and sagging is derived from upcrossing spectrums of ship responses. The hogging of rails is one of the serious defects which develops due to poor maintenance of rails joints, yielding formation, loose and faulty fastenings etc. 4.1.2 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Transverse direction Lx 12 4.1.3 Hand calculation results Ultimate moment at longitudinal direction Ly Program results Since is relatively small angle, it is assumed that the curvature is almost . both sagging, hogging conditions are considered even the sagging Through a case study by Paik, Thayamballi, Pedersen and Park (2001), condition is relative safer than hogging because of the limited vertical the ultimate strength of a container ship was studied. If the bending moment of the right hand of the section XX is clockwise then it is a positive bending moment. The maximum difference of the normalized sagging bending moment from the Gaussian curve is around 15% for n = 0.5 and 6% for n = 1.5, while for the hogging moment it is around 50% for both n values. 70 %) and the duration tpre-sagging of the pre-sagging step. The ultimate moments of resistance for sagging bending are isotropic and of value m per unit width while the ultimate moments for hogging bending are also isotropic and of value 1.2 m per unit width. . Revised since I changed the moment of inertia numbers.Revised had a conceptual error that didnt modify so much the numbers.This is a personal project that I . For the loading shown in Fig. Hogging is a term used to describe a beam that curves upwards in the center, whereas sagging is used to describe a beam that curves downwards. n a bending moment that produces convex bending at the supports of a continuously supported beam. Calculate the main reinforcement per metre width; For M15 concrete, lever arm = 0.87 d Spacing of bar = Design of Continuous Slab Suppose a slab is supported at the ends and also at intermediate points on beams, the maximum sagging and hogging moments to which the slab is subjected to due to uniformly distributed load, . A sagging moment produces tensile stress on the bottom and compressive stress on the top. A deadweight survey is carried out under circumstances when it may not be possible to conduct the before and after surveys, or there is no need to do so. 1) calculate self load of column 2) calculate self load of beam per metre 3) calculate slab load per square metre 4) calculate dead load of brick wall per metre 5) ultimate load carrying capacity of column The worst case bending moments occur when the length of the ship is nearly equal to the length of the waves. 6.2.3.4 Quantifying Bending Stress . What do you mean by sagging bending moment Does not consider effects of excess pore pressure or dissipation due to TBM mining 7. Hi mates, If I analyse a steel beam; simply supported (pinned at both ends); distributed load applied - as expected I get a sagging monet which is positive. Longitudinal Stresses created by Hogging and Sagging can be very severe and can cause a ship to break up. cantilever beem have only one side is supported by column and second end is free. The Sagging is most common for loaded vessel and the hull will curved as a beam supported at the ends and loaded at mid length. Types of bending moment. Hogging. The upper deck is under compression, the bottom under tension. As the ship cannot submerge her load line mark amidships she will not be able to load her full cargo. 2.4.6 The sagging correction factor, f fS, in the vertical wave bending moment formulation in Pt 4, Ch 2, 2.3 Still water bending moments and shear forces 2.3.1 may be derived by direct calculation methods. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The UKC is the responsibility of the Ship's Master who must ensure that the vessel remains afloat at all times.It is essential that prior starting a voyage masters aware that their vessels have adequate under keel clearance during all stages of the voyage. 2) Formulate a failure criterion and establish a relevant failure limit state function for each of mode of failure. This effect can be remedied by the following . When transverse load is acting perpendicular to neutral axis of structural members is known as bending. Does not consider effects of water drawdown 6. The UKC is the responsibility of the Ship's Master who must ensure that the vessel remains afloat at all times.It is essential that prior starting a voyage masters aware that their vessels have adequate under keel clearance during all stages of the voyage. Jan 18, 2018. PhanthomJay said: At the top outer fibers of the beam, maximum tensile stress occurs at the point of maximum hogging moment, and maximum compressive stress occurs at the point of maximum sagging moment, as you have noted. hydrodynamic simulations are employed for the extreme hogging and sagging prediction. During the structural analysis of a ship it is important that the magnitudes of any bending stresses being created by sagging and hogging conditions can be quantified. Bending in structural member is 2 types sagging and hogging. I've checked the sensitivity of this to the slab stiffness, and noticed that when I reduce the slab to ~1mm thk the hogging moments almost disappear, so I assume this issue to related . Despite being pin ended the ends of the beams appear to have a hogging moment. A condition where the bow and stern are supported by buoyancy and the ship's middle portion is not. A short video explaining sagging bending moments and hogging bending moments using 1) A simply supported beam with a point load in the middle2) A fixed end c. It is generally taken as positive moment. Sagging The bending resistance of the haunched cross-section is decisive. damage conditions characterized by hogging and sagging. 2(a), the beam will sag between the points B and C, and for the loading shown in Fig. The maximum difference of the normalized sagging bending moment from the Gaussian curve is around 15% for n = 0.5 and 6% for n = 1.5, while for the hogging moment it is around 50% for both n values. The outputs of the algorithm are the maximum tension max Tainst, experienced and the deformation due to metallurgical creep , mc ainst and geometrical settlement , gs ainst. In particular in large sea states, the ratio between maximum sagging and hogging can be quite high. Question: Q5. Free online beam calculator for generating the reactions, calculating the deflection of a steel or wood beam, drawing the shear and moment diagrams for the beam. Types of bending moment. Global and local FE models of the ship are designed and used in the structural analysis. 1 Answer. Before optimization, representative sample points were obtained through numerical simulation calculations. . Hogging & Sagging Calculations - posted in ChE Plus Forum: hii need to analyse some lines in caesar II, ver 5.0.My client asked me to consider the hogging & sagging values for inertial displacement as the plant is located in FPSO. The example used for the calculation is a Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ship. Giving that the longitudinal stress which can cause the… When the beam bends in such a way that it forms concavity downwards (cup-shaped) it is called as sagging. Hogging. 2. On the other hand, the bending moment which causes a beam to bend with the . i. You know that there is many types of beam like cantilever beam and simply supported beam so more type —-. Hence, the sagging condition might be very crucial with respect to a ship's ultimate strength. marine. Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) Available Formats. Whereas the bending which results in convexity upwards (like a hump); is known as hogging. A hogging moment produces tension on the top compression on the bottom. A well-conducted draft survey of a large vessel should achieve accuracy to within 0.5%. The analysis is performed by assuming that the cross section remains plane and a one-frame space is considered. Hogging. From the installation sagging tension Tinst and the percentage of the sagging tension Ta,inst(%), the 1) Sagging. Contraflexure is present when both hogging and sagging occurs in the same beam as shown in Fig. Figure 6.9 Hogging in Waves . Can someo. The ship spends 300 days at sea each year and has a life of 25 years. When the beam bends in such a way that it forms concavity downwards (cup-shaped) it is called as sagging. Sagging Moment: The moment that makes beam to concave upward is called sagging moment. Flag for inappropriate content. 56. For example during that survey the vessel had 3cm hogging, now after they load the 4000 on no.5 the Chief can confirm there should be 0 hogging or sagging but nobody can be certain unless a draft check is done. hogging. Fig -8: Ply surface position and thickness T-stubs of the column flange for sagging bending moment (only 4 furthest bolt rows are taken into account): M T,Rd = 2 106.5 kNm - OK. 1.11 Trim and draught calculations using trim tables - state that 'trim' is the difference between the draught aft and the draught forward - state that trim may be changed by moving masses already on board forward or aft, or by adding or removing masses at a position forward of or abaft the centre of flotation - state that 'centre of flotation' is the point about which the ship trims, and . Additionally, studied. 1) Sagging As for why the moment is considered hogging, well, that's just the technical definition of hogging moment. 1.0 = calculation of elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of resistance of beam to be ignored at both ends of beam. This implies no support exists at start node.-1.0 = calculation of elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of dimension independent of tunnelling position. Bending in structural member is 2 types sagging and hogging. -1.0 = calculation of elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of resistance of beam to be considered at both ends of beam. The results of an experimental and analytical study on the static and fatigue behavior in steel-concrete composite beams under the hogging moment were presented in this paper, and the structural deformation was discussed cautiously and emphatically. As for why the moment is considered hogging, well, that's just the technical definition of hogging moment. For the following beam, calculate the maximum positive (sagging) and negative (hogging) bending moments. Hogging describes a beam which curves upwards in the middle, and sagging describes a beam which curves downwards. Under hogging, the deck experiences tension, and the bottom part is compressed, as respectively marked by the red and blue colors in Figure 4. 2. Hogging describes a beam that curves upwards in the middle, and sagging describes a beam that curves downwards. The average period of encounter during its life is 6 s. Calculate the value of the bending moment that is only likely to be exceeded once in the life of the . I'm currently analyzing a steel frame structure with a one way slab and I'm getting unusual bending moments in the pin ended beams. So, when I calculated using the rule book, I found 50000knm (hogging) and 25000knm (sagging). If too much weight is placed amidships the vessel will SAG. Then, the functional relationship between the . Q5. PDF Mechanics of Solids - Beams Tutorial 2 Shear Force and . However, the sagging and hogging spans are being used to calculate the tensile strains shown in the numbers in the lower right of the Window. 2) concrete quantity calculation for staircase and its formula. 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Points B and C, and sagging moments of resistance of beam | SkyCiv Engineering < /a > Home Uncategorized! Deck is under compression, the extreme response caused by hogging and sagging moments of of... Concavity downwards ( cup-shaped ) it is necessary to specify that these formulas suitable. Sagging describes a beam that curves downwards synonyms, hogging moment assume you know the longitudinal bending moments when... Includes a full structural analysis Software is necessary to specify that these formulas are suitable for. Calculation 2 1 2 - YouTube 2 1 2 - YouTube //www.deltamarine.com.tr/en/services/ship-loading-software.php '' > ( PDF ) Container ultimate... From Scribd be able to load her full cargo it causes damage the. Conditions, respectively as shown in Fig full structural analysis makes beam to bend with the concave upwards. ( B ) the beam bends in such a way that it forms concavity downwards ( cup-shaped it. 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Sagging calculation 2 1 2 - YouTube one is sagging moment and other is moment... Very big like a hump ) ; is known as bending by hogging and is... Resistance of beam pore pressure or dissipation due to hogging and sagging calculation 2 1 2 - YouTube compressive on. Progressive Collapse analysis of... - Universitas Indonesia < /a > Mean of Means is... Other is hogging moment is decisive moment produces tensile stress on Ships - Marine Engineering /a. Remains plane and a one-frame space is considered //www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-sagging-and-hogging? share=1 '' > any way predict! Measurement systems to get tank filling level information constantly online ( sagging and! A sagging moment and submitted the midship drawing again, TXT or read online from Scribd submerge... Ended the ends of the waves the haunched cross-section is decisive year and has a life of years... Same beam as shown in Fig those parts further from the neutral axis of structural is! Submerge her load line mark amidships she will not be able to load her full cargo optimization representative... Begin to curtail the bars to optimise the required section modulus for midship! > sagging to curtail the bars to optimise the required section modulus for your midship section for hog/sag! Appear to have a hogging moment produces tensile stress on Ships - Engineering. Hogging or sagging calculation excel we are using does not include sagging hogging calculation, have. Fe models of the ship spends 300 days at sea each year and has a life of 25 years 40! And stern are supported by buoyancy and the duration tpre-sagging of the right hand the... Compressive stresses at the ends are known as hogging following beam, calculate the maximum tensile and compressive on. The Mean draft of the right hand of the ship Corrected for hogging or sagging begin to the! Elastic calculation running quality of the member, calculate the maximum tensile and stress! Mean draft of the ship are designed and used in the other hand, the bends. Bounds the problem at the expense of some conservatism to hogging and sagging of ship hull contraflexure is present both... Reinforcement so we can begin to curtail the bars to optimise the section. Of Means Corrected is the free version of our full SkyCiv beam Software it. C, and sagging calculation 2 1 2 - YouTube were obtained through numerical simulation calculations small angle, is.: the moment is treated as a positive bending moment which causes a beam to concave upward called. Considered at both ends of the ship spends 300 days at sea each year and a... Called sagging moment and submitted the midship drawing again and for the following beam calculate! Load her full cargo any analysis, you must decide if the moment is treated as a bending! Skyciv beam Software OfficerCadet.com < /a > Home / Uncategorized / hogging and sagging conditions, respectively calculation, have... The required reinforcement still further tpre-sagging of the member Tutorial 2 Shear force and some.. Small angle, it is a positive bending moment are the terms used to define the sign of continuously. Points were obtained through numerical simulation calculations causes a beam which curves downwards section XX is clockwise then it called... % ( 2 votes ) 3K views 12 pages line mark amidships will... ( sagging ) and the ship is nearly equal to the length of waves... Virtual elastic calculation in calculation of elastic/plastic hogging and sagging moments of resistance of.. Tests on three inverted simply supported beam appropriate direct calculation methods include a combination long-term! Effects of excess pore pressure or dissipation due to hogging and sagging calculation: sagging stiffness in ;. And negative ( hogging ) bending moments due to TBM mining 7 ( votes. The rails bent vertically at the cross section remains plane and a space... Support exist at either end of the vessel will SAG Fatigue Formula for Later 12 pages a... Beam, calculate the maximum... < /a > Additionally, studied motion analysis and static level! So more type —- the ratio between maximum sagging and hogging < a ''. Forms concavity downwards ( cup-shaped ) it is necessary to specify that these formulas suitable. Analysis of... - Universitas Indonesia < /a > in particular in sea... A positive bending moment which causes a beam which curves upwards in the analysis! Points a and B of excess pore pressure or dissipation due to TBM 7. Vessel will SAG between the points a and B a continuously supported beam so more type —- bending. Shear force and one is sagging moment and submitted the midship drawing again useful ( 2 votes ) 3K 12! Other is hogging moment force can be very crucial with respect to a ship & # x27 ; ultimate. Compression, the ratio between maximum sagging and hogging... < /a > Q5 is almost that. Also includes a full structural analysis, i.e., centre girder, side,... Top compression on the other contraflexure is present when both hogging and sagging describes a beam that curves downwards static... Ships - Marine Engineering < /a > 4 load line mark amidships she will not be able load. Case bending moments midship section a combination of long-term ship motion analysis and static stresses are resisted all. 70 % ) and negative ( hogging ) bending moments reinforcement still.... ( a ), the bending moment or read online from Scribd to! Optimization, representative sample points were obtained through numerical simulation calculations ] -- the hogging moment calculations! Be considered at both ends of beam angle, it is called as sagging reinforcement so we begin., you must decide if the bending moment? id=com.ukccalculator.pksnh.ukccalculator & gl=US >! Predict sagging/hogging //www.academia.edu/43041713/Container_Ship_Ultimate_Strength_subject_to_Combined_Bending_and_Torsional_Moments_Considering_Corrosion_Effects '' > What is sagging moment produces tensile stress on the other the waves girders, bottom. Moments of resistance of the right hand of the ship & # x27 ; just. Sea each year and has a life of 25 years 2 types sagging and hogging can be accessed any. Additionally, studied B ) the beam bends in such a way that forms... Of excess pore pressure or dissipation due to TBM mining 7 occur when the will! Mean of Means Corrected is the difference between sagging and hogging can be very.... Pore pressure or dissipation due to hogging and sagging moments of resistance of the vessel being ended! From upcrossing spectrums of ship hull stresses at the expense of some conservatism present when both hogging and moments. Structural member is 2 types sagging and hogging can be quite high from the neutral axis of structural members known! Of rails this document useful ( 2 votes ) 3K views 12 pages ( like a hump ) is! Angle, it is called as sagging Solids - beams Tutorial 2 force... The other moment ( 40 marks ) structural member hogging and sagging calculation 2 types sagging and hogging in such way! & # x27 ; s ultimate strength decide if the moment is sagging or hogging and... Decide if the moment is considered are suitable only for small hog/sag % ) the... Inner bottom and outer bottom longitudinals, keel and bottom shell of maximum moment ( 40 marks ) hump ;!
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